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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Brevicoryne brassicae ： ウィキペディア英語版 Brevicoryne brassicae ''Brevicoryne brassicae'', commonly known as the cabbage aphid or cabbage aphis, is a destructive aphid (plant louse) native to Europe that is now found in many other areas of the world.〔(Hawaii Department of Entomology information page )〕 The aphids feed on many varieties of produce, including cabbage, broccoli (especially), Brussels sprouts, cauliflower and many other members of the genus Brassica,〔 but do not feed on plants outside of the Brassicaceae family. The insects entirely avoid plants other than those of the Brassicaceae family, even though thousands may be eating broccoli near strawberries, the strawberries will be left untouched.〔(University of Minnesota extension )〕 Cabbage aphids, from the genus ''Brevicoryne'' of the family Aphididae, are grayish-green, but a waxy covering gives them a grayish-white〔 to powdery blue〔(Virginia Tech Department of Entomology ) 〕 appearance. ==Predator defense mechanism== Cabbage aphids produce a myrosinase (beta-thioglucoside glucohydrolase) enzyme in head and thoracic muscles; the aphids also uptake glucosinolates, particularly sinigrin, from the plants on which they feed, storing the glucosinolates in their haemolymph. (Glucosinolates are natural defenses for plants in the order Brassicales against pests and herbivores.) The combination of the glucosinolates and the myrosinase enzyme produces a violent chemical reaction that releases the mustard oil chemical allyl isothiocyanate.〔Imperial College London (2007, July 12). Aphids Make 'Chemical Weapons' To Fight Off Killer Ladybirds. ScienceDaily. Retrieved November 20, 2007, from http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2007/07/070711105844.htm〕 The defense mechanism has a dramatic negative effect on the survival of the larval ladybird predator ''Adalia bipunctata''.〔 The chemical defence of the aphids has been likened to a "walking mustard oil bomb".〔 The myrosinase from ''Brevicoryne brassicae'' appears to have evolved separately from myrosinases found in plants, possibly a case of convergent evolution. Aphid myrosinase appears to have greater similarity to animal beta-O-glucosidases than to plant myrosinases.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Brevicoryne brassicae」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.